Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：随着社会经济的不断发展和科学技术的日益提升,人们生活水平也不断提高。人们为了获得有价值的信息,而依托广播电视媒体获得所需的信息。广播电视新闻在传播过程中受诸多因素的影响,而策划则是广播电视新闻的重要影响因素。为了使广播电视新闻内容不断丰富,质量不断提升,需要对广播电视新闻在策划方面不断创新,从而使广播电视新闻在内容和形式上不断丰富,使广播电视新闻质量不断提升。本文将对广播电视新闻策划的创新思维进行探讨,从而提出科学合理的措施,使广播电视新闻质量得以有效提升。
Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：随着近些年来我国现代化建设水平的不断提升,人们在物质生活方面获得极大满足的同时也开始逐渐追求精神方面的享受,而新媒体时代的发展正是顺应了人们的内在需求。本文结合当前我国新媒体技术的应用现状,就新媒体技术在电视播音主持中的有效应用进行了全面的了解与探究,以期能够促进我国新媒体技术的发展水平,同时也为实现电视播音行业的发展奠定坚实可靠的技术保障。
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2023-08-26
Abstract： In recent years, research on the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying interpersonal emotion regulation has gained momentum, providing some insights into the neural basis of this process. Specifically, interpersonal emotion regulation involves the participation of the mentalizing system (including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, the temporo-parietal junction, and the anterior insula), the emotional response system (including the amygdala and the insula), and the emotion regulation system (including the frontal and parietal lobes), with the mentalizing system being the core brain area. To advance the field, future research should focus on addressing current unanswered questions, involving diverse populations, and integrating brain observation and control techniques to comprehensively and deeply investigate the cognitive and neural mechanisms of interpersonal emotion regulation from both static (single-brain level) and dynamic (dual-brain level) perspectives, providing a scientific basis for training and intervention in interpersonal emotion regulation in applied domains.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2023-09-12 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： The continuous increase in the prevalence of comorbidities has severe challenges to population health management，and the World Health Organization（WHO） recommends the development of integrated medical care models to cope with the pressure of health management of patients with comorbidities. In this paper，we constructed an integrated management model for geriatric comorbidities under medical association based on PDSA theory，in order to continuously improve the management ability and effect in the reciprocal cycle of "plan-execute-research-act". The model consists of four key elements，including management team，management process，management tools and management effect. Based on previous intervention research，the model integrates patient-centered，multidisciplinary team，patient self-management and other intervention methods，and relies on big data technology to establish a decision support platform，thus realizing the whole life cycle health management of patients with comorbidities.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2024-01-24 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background As the aging population continues to increase，there has been a rise in the prevalence of multimorbidity in the elderly. The adherence to medication regimens by elderly patients with multimorbidity significantly impacts the effectiveness of chronic disease management. Objective This study analyses the factors that impact medication adherence among the elderly with multimorbidity in Guangdong province. This study aims to provide a foundation for the management of multimorbidity in this population. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey a population of 998 multimorbid patients aged 60 years and above in Guangdong province. Medication adherence was the dependent variable，while patient sex，age，marital status，living conditions，education level，personal annual income，family encouragement for medication adherence，family doctor support，number of diseases，disease awareness，medication awareness，body mass index（BMI），smoking and alcohol consumption were considered as independent variables. Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors influencing medication adherence among elderly patients with multimorbidity in Guangdong Province. Results A total of 1，000 questionnaires were distributed and 998 valid questionnaires were collected，with a valid recovery rate of 99.8%. Among the 998 cases of elderly patients with multimorbidity in Guangdong Province，there were 719 cases（72.0%）with good adherence to medication and 279 cases（28.0%）with poor medication adherence；there were 512 cases（51.3%）of males and 486 cases（48.7%）of females. The results of multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that：education level （high school/secondary school：OR=0.298，95%CI=0.117~0.762；college and above：OR=0.325，95%CI=0.127~0.831），personal annual income （>30 000~50 000 RMB：OR=7.694，95%CI=2.071~28.582；>50 000 to 100 000 RMB：OR=12.408，95%CI=3.229，47.686；>100 000 RMB to 200，000 RMB：OR=4.893，95%CI=1.174~20.397），and frequency of family members' supervision of medication taking （occasionally：OR=1.842，95%CI=1.222~2.779），family doctor's help （slightly helpful：OR=2.537，95%CI=1.531~4.205），understanding of the condition （mostly understood：OR=3.015，95%CI=1.948~4.667；better understood：OR=3.510，95%CI=1.955~6.300；some/no understanding：OR=3.469，95%CI=1.338~8.994），medication concern （mostly concerned：OR=4.928，95%CI=3.336~7.278；more concerned：OR=3.670，95%CI=1.915~7.033；somewhat concerned/unconcerned：OR=8.560，95%CI=2.497~29.33），BMI （too low：OR=2.303，95%CI=1.154~4.598；overweight/obese：OR=0.598，95%CI=0.390~0.915），and alcohol consumption （OR=1.959，95%CI=1.270~3.022） were the influencing factors of medication adherence among elderly patients with multimorbidity in Guangdong province（P<0.05）. Conclusion The elderly patients with multimorbidity in Guangdong province had better medication adherence，at 72.0%. The elderly patients with multimorbidity in Guangdong province with a high school education and above，low-income group，frequently urged to take medication by their family members，with a lot of help from their family doctors，with a good understanding of their condition，with a lot of concern about medication，overweight/obese，and not drinking alcohol had better adherence to their medication. On the other hand，medication adherence was poorer among the elderly patients with multimorbidity in Guangdong province who were high-income earners，occasionally urged to take medication by their family members，slightly assisted by their family doctors，had a low understanding of their condition，paid little attention to the use of medication，had a low BMI，and drank alcohol.All parties in society should join hands to take multiple measures to improve the medication adherence of elderly patients with multimorbidity in all aspects，strengthen the integrated management of multimorbidity，and promote the health of elderly patients.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2024-01-11 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background With the aggravation of population aging in China，the disease spectrum of the population has changed and the coexistence of multiple chronic diseases has become the norm for the health status of the older population in China. Patient delay refers to the behaviour of an individual who fails to seek medical care in a timely manner after becoming unwell for a variety of subjective or objective reasons，resulting in a decrease in the treatment effectiveness and a decrease in the quality of the patient's survival. At present，there are few researches on patient delay and the associated factors for elderly adults with multimorbidity in China. Objective To explore the patient delay and the associated factors for older adults with multimorbidity，so as to provide references to further reduce the incidence of patient delay. Methods Eligible elderly patients attending 27 community health centers in Guangdong Province from September to December 2022 were selected for the study using multi-stage stratified whole cluster random sampling method. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect patients' general information，disease-related information and delays in seeking medical care. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis and a decision tree model based on the CHAID algorithm were used to analyse the influencing factors of patient delay in older adults with multimorbidity.Results A total of 998 patients were included in the study，of which 243（24.35%）showed delays in seeking medical care. The multivariate Logistic regression results showed that gender（OR=0.701，95%CI=0.504-0.977，P=0.036），type of household registration（OR=0.590，95%CI=0.358-0.973，P=0.039），type of health insurance（OR=2.660，95%CI=1.764-4.010，P<0.001），disease-related self-efficacy（OR=4.378，95%CI=2.079-9.217，P<0.001），family doctor contract（OR=2.277，95%CI=1.618-3.206，P<0.001）and self-reported health（OR=1.554，95%CI=1.073-2.250，P=0.020）were the main factors influencing patient delay in older adults with multimorbidity（P<0.05）. The decision tree model has 3 levels and 13 nodes，and a total of 5 influencing factors were screened，including type of health insurance，family doctor contract，gender，self#2;reported health and age. The results of the two models for predicting patient delay in older adults with multimorbidity showed that the area under receiver operating characteristic curve（AUC）was 72.9% for the multivariate Logistic regression model and 72.1% for the decision tree model. Comparison of the AUC of the two models for predicting the effect of patient delay in older adults with multimorbidity showed a statistically significant difference（Z=0.539，P=0.590）. Conclusion The incidence of patient delay in older adults with multimorbidity is 24.35% in Guangdong province，and the type of health insurance，the contracting rate of family doctors，gender，and self-reported health status are the main factors influencing patient delay in older adults with multimorbidity. The medical insurance system should be further improved to increase the contracting rate and utilization rate of family doctors in order to reducing the incidence of patient delay.
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Basic Disciplines of Agriculture submitted time 2017-11-06 Cooperative journals: 《中国生态农业学报》
Abstract：2002 年联合国粮食及农业组织提出了“全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)”的概念和动态保护理念, 旨在建立全球重要农业文化遗产及其有关的景观、生物多样性、知识和文化保护体系, 并在世界范围内得到认可与保护, 使之成为可持续管理的基础。自此以后, 特别是在全球环境基金的支持下, GIAHS 的概念和保护理念已经得到越来越多的国家和国际组织的认可, 并在项目实施过程中, 通过项目试点地的积极探索, 不仅使遗产地农业生物多样性和文化多样性得到有效保护, 而且促进了遗产地经济社会的可持续发展。本文根据中国已被列入GIAHS 的11 个项目点及其保护工作, 从遗传多样性、物种多样性、生态系统多样性、景观多样性以及文化多样性5 个方面分析了农业文化遗产地农业生物多样性的特征, 阐述了农业文化遗产地农业生物多样性利用的生态学思想以及原则, 最后从建立监测和评估体系、强化农业生物多样性保护与可持续管理的研究、建立农业生物多样性保护的激励机制、建立农业文化遗产地自我维持和持续发展机制等4 个方面, 提出了农业文化遗产地农业生物多样性保护与利用的若干建议。
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Speech processing is the core function of language cognition, and the brain mechanism of speech processing are an important topic in linguistics and cognitive psychology. However, it is unclear that how the newborn's brain perceives speech. The purpose of this review is to investigate the brain mechanism of speech perception in newborns. We found that human beings have a relatively well-developed speech processing mechanism during the neonatal period. While the left frontal lobe (especially the inferior frontal gyrus) plays an important role in detecting speech structure, the bilateral temporal lobes are responsible for detecting speech deviation. In addition, the left hemisphere has an advantage in mother tongue perception.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2024-03-05 Cooperative journals: 《第八届海峡两岸暨港澳地区高校现代书院制教育论坛 》
Abstract：摘要党的十八大以来，习近平总书记对高校育人工作高度重视，强调要“把立德树人融入思想道德教育、文化知识教育、社会实践教育各环节”“要培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人”的要求。 为推动学生思想教育工作，促进第二课堂发展新格局，在“五育”协调发展的基础上，实现各育目标相互之间的深度融合，发挥好德智体美劳五个方面兼容并蓄、同心同向的作用就要求做到五育融合，贯通发展。然而在第二课堂中，五育形式单一、学生主动性差、师资力量薄弱、思想政治教育时效性差、缺乏一定的体系和体制制度的问题逐渐显现。为此崇实书院联合各学院，以综合能力提升课程为抓手，破解难题:一是五育融合构筑全方位育人体系;二是名师入驻开拓新思路，朋辈助力携手助成长;三是班主任力量夯实新成效;四是以史为鉴，以笔为媒，使思政、党史教育“活”起来。
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2018-10-26 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract：已有的经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS)研究证明, 右腹外侧前额叶(right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, RVLPFC)是社会情绪调节的重要脑区, 激活RVLPFC可显著降低人们对社会性负性情绪体验的强度。社会功能受损是抑郁症患者或抑郁倾向人群的重要特征之一。该群体对社会排斥的敏感性高, 且对负性社会情绪体验的情绪调节能力降低。在本研究中, 我们采用外显的情绪调节任务, 研究了高、低抑郁水平的两组成年人被试在RVLPFC接受阳性tDCS后其情绪调节能力的改变。结果表明, 虽然采用tDCS激活RVLPFC可帮助被试通过情绪调节(认知重评)减弱负性情绪体验, 但高抑郁水平被试的负性情绪强度下降程度明显小于低抑郁水平被试。另外本文还发现, 与源于个人的负性情绪相比, tDCS效应对源于社会的负性情绪(即社会排斥)更强。本研究是采用电或磁刺激提高抑郁人群社会情绪调节能力的首次尝试。实验结果表明, 高抑郁水平成年人的RVLPFC仅通过单次、短时间(34 min)的tDCS激活, 其情绪调节能力并未得到显著提升。这提示对抑郁倾向群体或抑郁症患者的干预或治疗需要多次施加tDCS。
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2018-04-14 Cooperative journals: 《生态学报》
Abstract：高寒生态系统是全球变化的敏感区域，揭示高海拔地区尤其是雪线以上土壤微生物群落的演变规律，对于理解全球气候变化对高寒生态系统的影响及其响应机制具有重要意义。以采自青藏高原珠穆朗玛峰北坡低海拔地区和永久雪线以上（海拔4000-6550m）的12份土壤和砂砾样品为研究对象，运用活菌计数法（CFU）和实时定量PCR（real-time PCR）技术对土壤样品的细菌和真菌进行了定量分析，并结合磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）分析法、变性梯度凝胶电泳技术（DGGE）和克隆测序方法研究了细菌和真菌群落随海拔梯度变化的演变特征，结果表明：土壤细菌和真菌丰度随海拔增加而降低，与海拔高度呈显著负相关；磷脂脂肪酸分析结果表明不论是细菌、真菌还是总的微生物PLFA含量均随海拔高度增加而下降，革兰氏阴性细菌和革兰氏阳性细菌的多样性也随海拔增加而降低，且代表革兰氏阳性细菌的PLFA组份在雪线（5350m）以上检测不到，而代表革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌的组份在所有海拔梯度上都有分布，表明革兰氏阳性细菌比阴性细菌和真菌对海拔及海拔相关因子变化更为敏感。DGGE图谱的UPGMA聚类分析的结果也发现在不同海拔高度样品中细菌群落组成发生明显变化，但真菌群落变化不明显。测序分析结果显示变形菌纲（Proteobacteria）是珠峰不同海拔高度土壤/砂砾样品中的优势菌群，芽单胞菌（Gemmatimonadetes）是高海拔样品中的优势菌群，而放线菌（Actinobacteria）主要分布在低海拔样品中；真菌以子囊菌门（Ascomycota）为主，而丝足虫类（Cercozoa）原生生物是高海拔冰雪覆盖样品所特有的真核生物。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-10-09 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： There is a large body of evidence from previous research that non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) can be used to improve negative emotions through emotional regulation. A summary of the effects and applicability of NIBS in emotional regulation is important for enriching emotional regulation theory and promoting translational research. Literature reviews have shown that NIBS can effectively influence the activity of relevant brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex, and intervene in explicit and implicit emotional regulation processes. By improving emotional regulation, NIBS has the potential to improve symptoms of mental disorders. However, there are still several issues that need to be addressed in this field. Firstly, there is too much heterogeneity between studies, leading to inconsistent results. Secondly, the brain neural circuit mechanisms of emotional regulation intervention are still unclear, and the measurement indicators of emotional regulation are too singular. In addition, previous NIBS schemes have problems with low localization accuracy, weak effects in a single time period, inability to meet new needs, and some side effects. Therefore, we propose the following suggestions and outlooks: (1) adopting meta-analysis to comprehensively and quantitatively summarize the effectiveness and universality of NIBS in emotion regulation; (2) integrating brain monitoring techniques to investigate the neural circuit mechanisms underlying NIBS intervention in emotion regulation. For example, using multi-target NIBS for precise control of brain regions corresponding to emotion regulation, and combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalogram (EEG), and other brain monitoring techniques to observe changes in the neural mechanisms under the joint action of multi-target NIBS, in order to clarify the causal relationships among various brain regions in the process of emotion regulation (an example is using dual-coil TMS technology to explore the working sequence of different brain regions in explicit emotion regulation); (3) taking individual differences into account as much as possible to optimize NIBS intervention plans. For example, targeting the target area in the patient's PFC accurately through MRI can optimize the stimulation site and frequency for individuals who are unresponsive to TMS/tDCS treatment (no responders); (4) using a combination of multi-brain NIBS and hyperscanning techniques to explore the inter-brain synchronization in interpersonal emotion regulation is a potential research direction; (5) verifying the occurrence and intervention effects of emotion regulation by combining subjective experiences, physiological indicators, and neural characteristics; (6) Neurofeedback technology can compensate for the “side effects” of NIBS. Neurofeedback training, combined with techniques such as fMRI and functional near-infrared spectroscopy, can also be used to enhance the emotion regulation ability of mental disorders with emotion regulation disorders as the main symptoms. We believe that these measures can better address the above issues and improve the effectiveness and applicability of NIBS in emotion regulation intervention.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-10-09 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Language is the primary means of human communication. Understanding how it develops and which brain regions control it is a significant concern for psychologists and linguists. In early life, especially during the neonatal stage, infants possess strong perceptual abilities for speech sounds. Newborns can distinguish vowels and consonants from different languages. However, this sensitivity narrows as they are exposed to their native language, making it challenging to perceive non-native phonemes. Studying newborns' perception, discrimination, and learning of speech sounds provides insights into early cognitive mechanisms of language development and aids in understanding neurodevelopmental disorders like autism.Early studies on newborns and infants often use the “habituation-dishabituation paradigm” with “nipple sucking rate” as an indicator. Newborns exhibit perceptual preferences for speech sounds, their native language, and their mother's voice. Brain observation techniques like electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) are used to study speech perception in infants. EEG focuses on the mismatch response (MMR), while fNIRS reveals specific cortical regions involved in speech processing. Both techniques show left-hemisphere dominance in newborns' language processing, with left temporal and frontal lobes being more activated during language tasks. This leftward bias is evident in both functional and structural aspects of the brain. Understanding early language perception is crucial for developmental psychology and related clinical research.Newborns possess strong phoneme discrimination abilities, distinguishing vowels and consonants from different languages. They can also recognize syllables and syllable sequences. Studies using the habituation-dishabituation paradigm and brain observation techniques like EEG and fNIRS demonstrate newborns' unique language capabilities. They exhibit perceptual preferences for their native language and can differentiate it from other languages. Behaviorally, newborns can distinguish sentences and perceive accent patterns. EEG and fNIRS studies show newborns' ability to discriminate vowels, consonants, and syllables, with left hemisphere involvement. They also display sensitivity to syllable sequences, showing enhanced brain responses to certain sequence structures. These findings contribute to understanding language processing and statistical learning in early development.To date, research on newborns' speech perception and phoneme discrimination has primarily employed passive observation of language exposure in utero (e.g., Moon et al., 2013) or single-time-point assessments (excluding Moon's study). Only one study (Partanen et al., 2013) has examined fetal language learning by exposing fetuses to speech sounds prenatally. Few studies have directly observed changes in brain activity before and after speech learning in newborns. Studies using EEG and fNIRS found enhanced neural responses to learned vowels, demonstrating brain plasticity due to learning. Additionally, a study using fNIRS showed that sleep influenced the brain's response to learned vowels. However, the debate remains about whether newborns can differentiate vowels or if their sensitivity is related to prosody rather than phoneme discrimination. Future research should explore the effects of sleep on newborns' language learning and the broader range of phoneme learning in newborns.Autism is a major neurodevelopmental disorder in early childhood, characterized by social communication difficulties, language impairments, and repetitive behaviors, significantly impacting lifelong social functioning (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The global prevalence is 1-2% (Hirota & King, 2023; World Health Organization, 2023; Zeidan et al., 2022). Language issues are a primary concern, with affected children showing reduced language abilities and abnormal brain networks (Belteki et al., 2022; Tryfon et al., 2018). Early diagnosis and intervention can improve outcomes, but the link between newborn language development and autism needs further research. This review focuses on infant studies, particularly longitudinal research predicting autism in high-risk infants with genetic and brain risk factors (Hirota & King, 2023). Longitudinal studies suggest language behavioral indicators predict autism after one year, while brain indicators show predictive value as early as three months (Ayoub et al., 2022; Clairmont et al., 2022; Molnar-Szakacs et al., 2021). Three longitudinal studies indicate language brain indicators predict autism in high-risk infants. Language lateralization in the brain also has predictive implications for autism (Lindell, 2020; Herringshaw et al., 2016). Five longitudinal studies on high-risk infants show language lateralization indicators predict autism during infancy. Research on high-risk infants provides valuable insights into the predictive value of early language development in autism. Capturing language processing brain indicators in newborns may offer valuable personalized warning parameters for early autism diagnosis, taking advantage of the brain's greater plasticity at younger ages.In summary, current research on newborns' speech perception, discrimination, and learning indicates the following: 1) Newborns exhibit speech perception preferences, showing a preference for speech, their native language, and their mother's voice, with a leftward brain lateralization. 2) Newborns possess unique phoneme discrimination abilities, differentiating vowels, consonants of various languages, and complex syllables and sequences. 3) Early language learning in newborns leads to plasticity changes in the brain's language networks. Moreover, several studies suggest that early language development brain indicators have significant predictive value for autism. However, there are three critical issues in the foundational and translational research of newborn language processing. Firstly, the rhythmic features of speech materials have been overlooked, potentially interfering with newborns' phoneme discrimination. Secondly, the cognitive neural mechanisms of newborn speech learning remain unclear, particularly regarding consonant learning and the role of sleep in language learning. Lastly, there is a lack of clinical translational research on newborn language development, necessitating the exploration of early language-related brain markers to predict and warn against neurodevelopmental disorders like autism. Future research should address these gaps by rigorously controlling rhythmic factors in speech materials, investigating the neural mechanisms of consonant learning using EEG and fNIRS techniques, and exploring the role of sleep in memory consolidation during language learning. Additionally, longitudinal studies focusing on high-risk newborns can potentially establish a comprehensive risk assessment system for neurodevelopmental disorders based on multiple brain modalities and clinical evaluations. Addressing these challenges may pave the way for early intervention and prevention of language-related developmental disorders in infancy.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-09-26
Abstract： Sleep-dependent memory consolidation is the process by which the brain reprocesses and reinforces newly learned information or skills during sleep, making memories more stable and lasting. Sleep is essential for transforming newly learned short-term memory into more stable and lasting long-term memory. The role of sleep in consolidating memory depends on the type of memory. Furthermore, different stages and characteristics of sleep have different effects on different types of memory consolidation. Changes in the EEG characteristics of sleep (such as spindle wave, slow wave amplitude, etc.) maybe related to the effect of memory consolidation in infants and toddlers. Based on adult studies, recent studies on infants and toddlers have found that sleep plays a vital role in consolidating memory even in the early stages of individual development. Infants and toddlers who sleep after learning show significantly better learning outcomes and can solve problems more effectively and quickly than those who do not sleep in the control group. Based on two different types of memory, declarative memory and procedural memory, this paper introduces the behavior of sleep-dependent memory consolidation in infants and the progress of brain research, so as to help grasp the effect of sleep on memory consolidation in infants and toddlers.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2023-07-26
Abstract： Newborns utilize their auditory system to process and learn the various elements of language from birth. Examining the characteristics of language processing in newborns not only reveals the neurocognitive mechanisms of language function in the earliest stages of human development, but also provides valuable clues for an early warning and clinical diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. This review article summarized the perception, discrimination, and learning of phonemes in newborns, as well as the potential role in predicting autism spectrum disorder. It was found that newborns have preferences for specific languages and possess unique phoneme discrimination abilities. Furthermore, brain functional and structural indices of language processing in infancy have predictive values for autism. Future research should focus on the following three issues: 1) Controlling the rhythm factors of materials, re-examining the characteristics of newborn language processing and brain lateralization issues; 2) Revealing the neurocognitive mechanisms of newborn language learning and the role of sleep in memory consolidation; 3) Tracking the language development of high-risk newborns with autism and establishing a disease risk assessment system so as to reveal the potential biomarkers for autism.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Under the influence of the novel coronavirus epidemic, some negative social events, such as separation of family or friends and home isolation have increased. These events can cause negative emotion experiences similar to physical pain, thus they are called social pain. Placebo effect refers to the positive response to the inert treatment with no specific therapeutic properties, which has been shown to be one of the effective ways to alleviate social pain. Studies have shown that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays a key role in placebo effect. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether activating DLPFC by using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) could improve the ability of placebo effects to regulate social pain. Besides, we also combined neuroimaging and neuromodulation techniques to provide bidirectional evidence for the role of the DLPFC on placebo effects. We recruited a total of 100 participants to finish the task of negative emotional rating of the social exclusion images. Among them, 50 participants were stimulated by TMS at the right DLPFC (rDLPFC), while the others were assigned to the sham group. This study contained two independent variables. The between- subject variable was TMS group (rDLPFC-activated group or sham group) and the within-subject variable was placebo type (no-placebo and placebo). All participants received nasal spray in two blocks. In the no-placebo condition, participants were instructed that they would receive a saline nasal spray which helped to improve physiological readings; in placebo block, participants were told to administrate an intranasal fluoxetine spray (saline nasal spray in fact) that could reduce unpleasantness within 10 minutes. To strengthen the expectation of intranasal fluoxetine, participants viewed a professional introduction to fluoxetine’s clinical and academic usage including downregulating negative emotion, such as fear, anxiety, and disgust. Participants who received the placebo block first would be reminded that fluoxetine’s effect was over before the next block to reduce the carry-over for the following block. Self-reported negative emotional and electroencephalogram data were recorded. There was a significant two-way interaction of TMS group and placebo type. Results showed that compared with the sham group, participants in the rDLPFC-activated group reported less negative emotional feeling and had a lower amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP) in placebo condition, a component that reflects the emotional intensity, suggesting that activating rDLPFC can improve the ability of placebo effect to regulate social pain. The above finding suggested that activating DLPFC can improve the placebo effect of regulating negative emotion. Moreover, this study is the first attempt to investigate the enhancement of placebo effects by using TMS on emotion regulation. The findings not only support the critical role of DLPFC on placebo effect using neuroimaging and neuromodulation techniques, but also provide a potential brain target for treating emotional regulation deficits in patients with psychiatric disorders.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2023-03-17
Abstract：
Accumulating evidence suggests that non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques can effectively intervene in the emotion regulation processes and down-regulate negative emotions. Summarizing the effects and applicability of NIBS for emotion regulation interventions is of great significance for enriching existing emotion regulation theories and promoting translational research. Through literature review, we found that when NIBS is used for modulating emotion regulation, a top-down change of brain circuits occurs, thereby producing a positive effect on explicit and implicit emotion regulation. Also, NIBS may improve psychiatric disorder symptoms by improving the emotion regulation processes. The existing problems are as follows: First, findings are mixed due to the heterogeneity. Second, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying the NIBS effects remain unclear, and measurements of emotion regulation effects must be enriched. In addition, previous NIBS protocols have problems like poor localization accuracy, weak effects due to the single-session stimulation, unable to fulfill new needs, and inevitable side effects. Accordingly, future studies could provide comprehensive quantitative summaries for existing literature, optimize the cortical target with the help of neuronavigation techniques, investigate the changes in the brain neural circuit when applying NIBS in explicit and implicit emotion regulation, and measure the NIBS effect with the combination of subjective experience, physiological indexes, and neural characteristics. In the future, we believe that the multi-target NIBS protocols, a combination of hyperscanning and NIBS, and NIBS-neurofeedback techniques can effectively improve the validity of the study, providing insights for relevant translational research and clinical therapeutics.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
submitted time 2023-03-16 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Under the influence of the novel coronavirus epidemic, some negative social events, such as separation of family or friends and home isolation have increased. These events can cause negative emotion experiences similar to physical pain, thus they are called social pain. Placebo effect refers to the positive response to the inert treatment with no specific therapeutic properties, which has been shown to be one of the effective ways to alleviate social pain. Studies have shown that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays a key role in placebo effect. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether activating DLPFC by using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) could improve the ability of placebo effects to regulate social pain. Besides, we also combined neuroimaging and neuromodulation techniques to provide bidirectional evidence for the role of the DLPFC on placebo effects. We recruited a total of 100 participants to finish the task of negative emotional rating of the social exclusion images. Among them, 50 participants were stimulated by TMS at the right DLPFC (rDLPFC), while the others were assigned to the sham group. This study contained two independent variables. The between- subject variable was TMS group (rDLPFC-activated group or sham group) and the within-subject variable was placebo type (no-placebo and placebo). All participants received nasal spray in two blocks. In the no-placebo condition, participants were instructed that they would receive a saline nasal spray which helped to improve physiological readings; in placebo block, participants were told to administrate an intranasal fluoxetine spray (saline nasal spray in fact) that could reduce unpleasantness within 10 minutes. To strengthen the expectation of intranasal fluoxetine, participants viewed a professional introduction to fluoxetine’s clinical and academic usage including downregulating negative emotion, such as fear, anxiety, and disgust. Participants who received the placebo block first would be reminded that fluoxetine’s effect was over before the next block to reduce the carry-over for the following block. Self-reported negative emotional and electroencephalogram data were recorded. There was a significant two-way interaction of TMS group and placebo type. Results showed that compared with the sham group, participants in the rDLPFC-activated group reported less negative emotional feeling and had a lower amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP) in placebo condition, a component that reflects the emotional intensity, suggesting that activating rDLPFC can improve the ability of placebo effect to regulate social pain. The above finding suggested that activating DLPFC can improve the placebo effect of regulating negative emotion. Moreover, this study is the first attempt to investigate the enhancement of placebo effects by using TMS on emotion regulation. The findings not only support the critical role of DLPFC on placebo effect using neuroimaging and neuromodulation techniques, but also provide a potential brain target for treating emotional regulation deficits in patients with psychiatric disorders.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2023-02-14
Abstract：
Under the influence of the novel coronavirus epidemic, some negative social events, such as separation of family or friends and home isolation have increased. These events can cause negative emotion experiences similar to physical pain, thus they are called social pain. Placebo effect refers to the positive response to the inert treatment with no specific therapeutic properties, which has been shown to be one of the effective ways to alleviate social pain. Studies have shown that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays a key role in placebo effect. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether activating DLPFC by using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) could improve the ability of placebo effects to regulate social pain. Besides, we also combined neuroimaging and neuromodulation techniques to provide bidirectional evidence for the role of the DLPFC on placebo effects. We recruited a total of 100 participants to finish the task of negative emotional rating of the social exclusion images. Among them, 50 participants were stimulated by TMS at the right DLPFC (rDLPFC), while the others were assigned to the sham group. This study contained two independent variables. The between-subject variable was TMS group (rDLPFC-activated group or sham group) and the within-subject variable was placebo type (no-placebo and placebo). All participants received nasal spray in two blocks. In the no-placebo condition, participants were instructed that they would receive a saline nasal spray which helped to improve physiological readings; in placebo block, participants were told to administrate an intranasal fluoxetine spray (saline nasal spray in fact) that could reduce unpleasantness within 10 minutes. To strengthen the expectation of intranasal fluoxetine, participants viewed a professional introduction to fluoxetine’s clinical and academic usage including downregulating negative emotion, such as fear, anxiety, and disgust. Participants who received the placebo block first would be reminded that fluoxetine’s effect was over before the next block to reduce the carry-over for the following block. Self-reported negative emotional and electroencephalogram data were recorded. There was a significant two-way interaction of TMS group and placebo type. Results showed that compared with the sham group, participants in the rDLPFC-activated group reported less negative emotional feeling and had a lower amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP) in placebo condition, a component that reflects the emotional intensity, suggesting that activating rDLPFC can improve the ability of placebo effect to regulate social pain. The above finding suggested that activating DLPFC can improve the placebo effect of regulating negative emotion. Moreover, this study is the first attempt to investigate the enhancement of placebo effects by using TMS on emotion regulation. The findings not only support the critical role of DLPFC on placebo effect using neuroimaging and neuromodulation techniques, but also provide a potential brain target for treating emotional regulation deficits in patients with psychiatric disorders.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
submitted time 2018-10-26 Cooperative journals: 《电气工程学报》
Abstract： Due to the uneven distribution of terrain and aging of photovoltaicmodules,the mismatch loss problem of PV modules has became increasingly prominent. For large ground and mountain power stations, in order to solve these problems, the multi-channel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology of inverter will become an inevitable trend. In this paper, Simulink is used to simulate the photovoltaic power generation system,and the comparison between the distributed and the traditional centralized is carried out to verify the superiority of the distributed MPPT efficiency.
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